Halloween Fifteen: Creepy Boy, Creepy Girl

Like most years, I found only a few items that made me definitely uncomfortable: the trailer for "The Boy," near the middle, and the gif of the little girl at the end are the top two, for sure. Eek!

Julia Segal

 "Jon Snow White" Tastefully Offensive

This space skull just whizzed past us a few hours ago. Bad Astronomy

Fake Science

A slew of photos of "Halloween makeup and prosthetics by students," at The Guardian

 The Witch Head Nebula, APOD

Zolloc, via Kottke

Tastefully Offensive

Savage Chickens

Medium Large

Tastefully Offensive

I Hate My Parents

Tastefully Offensive

Doodle for Food

I will not be watching this movie. Mannequins will eat me.

Extra Fabulous Comics

Cyanide and Happiness

Jim Benton

Incredible Cinderella costume, Tastefully Offensive

Jim Benton

Cyanide and Happiness

Medium Large

Funny to Me

Loading Artist

Funny to Me

Cheezburger

Sorry, but your kid is possessed by Gary Busey. Cheezburger

Tastefully Offensive

Cheezburger

Well, Hello Again, and Quake Preparedness

I make no apologies. This summer has been brutally hot. I don't cope well with heat, and thinking is one of my most impaired abilities. But we had our first rain in 89 days over the weekend, and it's been somewhat cooler since Saturday. So time to get back on the blog.

One of the big stories over the summer, if you missed it, was from Kathryn Schulz in New Yorker Magazine, on the coming Great Cascadia Quake. One of the political blogs I follow had a post from earlier today, after catching the article a month later. Below is the email I've spent much of the afternoon composing, which I just sent the author.
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You're more than a month behind on finding this, but no matter. I'm glad it's catching eyes outside the PNW, where I live, and the geological community, of which I am a part. Most of us felt the article was more or less accurate, but overwrought, sensationalist, and most of all, fatalistic. The fact is, running through some simple calculations, the estimated chance of dying in such an event is about 1 in 1000. The chance of injury is about 3 in 1000. So the vast majority of us will ride it out unscathed- in fact the numbers are dis-proportionally higher for the coast, and lower for those of us in the Willamette Valley, the latter being where most of Oregon's population lives, works, and goes to school.

Given that, I was disappointed, first, by Schultz' lack of discussion of basic preparation measures, most of which are cheap and easy, and could be largely addressed in an afternoon's shopping trip. Namely, water, food that doesn't require preparation other than a can-opener, pet supplies if applicable, radio, flashlight, batteries, first aid kit, and so on. These are non-disaster specific, and can be useful during any sort of disruption, of any duration. The problem here is that our utilities and other infrastructure are likely to be unusable for months after a great quake, with full recovery taking years to a decade or more, so I describe the situation as "being ready for a 2-4 week no-frills camp-out,with no warning." (Following that relatively short period, presuming we don't have another GWB as president, emergency response will take off a lot of the self-reliance pressure) Put like that, it's easy to imaging how to prepare. But seeing it as "Everything west of I-5 will be toast," well, Christ, how do you prepare for that!? As I indicated above, fatalism is perhaps the biggest danger we face in this situation.

Second, there are a few structural measures that most homeowners in the region seem to be largely unaware of. The easiest is to firmly strap down the water heater. Assuming the house survives, this will assure a relatively large reservoir of potable water, one of the most important components of riding this beast out. Another, likely the most expensive, is to bolt wood-framed houses to the foundation, to make sure they don't fall off it. My understanding is that this is the most important measure, but it costs a few thousand dollars. However, given house prices, this is typically around 1 to 1 1/2 percent of their value, and while not a guarantee, most likely assures a house will ride out a quake and remain habitable. Which, not incidentally, would make the "camp-out" a lot easier to endure. I've also seen friends' posts about cross-bracing structural members in the attic and walls, which is supposed to dampen the oscillations. However, I'm a geologist, not a carpenter or engineer, so I don't really know. Securing large objects (e.g. book cases, refrigerators and so on) to walls can prevent injuries inside, as otherwise, they're likely to fall over.

Third, Schultz' portrayal of States' and smaller government agencies' preparation and response plans is terribly lopsided. The magnitude of expenditures needed is certainly in the hundreds of billion dollars range, and may reach trillions. There simply no way to retrofit all the things that need it in less than decades- which we likely have before the next great quake. However, slowly but surely, it is happening. I spend most of my waking life just off the Oregon State University Campus, and at any given time, there are one or two buildings closed for a couple of years for seismic refits. All new construction (and there is a lot of it right now) is required to meet strict seismic codes. K-12 schools across the state are a high priority, but again, costs make that slow. Nevertheless, that too is happening, though you'd never know it from the article. Public facilities such as hospitals, police and fire stations, and government offices, at least here in Benton County, have been retrofitted to be occupiable- that is, usable- following a quake, so they can serve as shelters, organization and command centers, aid stations, and so on. (An easier seismic target is "survivable," which means the building is unlikely to collapse or otherwise kill/injure occupants, but is less likely to be safely used or occupied afterwards. This is often the target for education infrastructure.)

The last parenthetical reminds me of a common joke among geology-types: "Earthquakes don't kill people. Buildings kill people." The upshot is, we can fix the buildings so they don't, or are much less likely to.

So the short version is that Schultz' piece is accurate, except in terms of omission. She left out an awful lot of important information which, instead of panicking PNW residents, could have spurred thoughtful reflection on their part of what they could do now to be better prepared in the aftermath. Initially, I was quite irritated by the article, but over the last month or so, I've seen a ramp-up in awareness and people asking questions, in a way I haven't since the Tohoku quake in March of 2011. In addition, I understand she has written a follow-up article in the same magazine, where she does cover much of the above discussion. I haven't read that one yet, but I'm looking forward to it. I was quite upset by Willamette Valley folks asking about life rafts and jackets to survive the coming tsunami. (Here, we're at about 240 feet elevation. Even in Portland, where there's still tidal influence in the rivers, very little effect is expected from the tsunami. Shaking, is, of course, a very different matter.)

Thanks for slogging through my verbosity, but this is a set of information I've been wildly pushing to get out since the article was published. Please feel free to pass along any portion or all of this letter, as you choose. I didn't see any way to leave a comment, especially one of this length, so chose to e-mail instead.

Best wishes,

Lockwood DeWitt

Why, Hello, There!

Apologies for the two-week hiatus. If you follow me on Twitter, you know we had about five days over that interval that were hot enough to knock me down and out- hot weather destroys my appetite, so poor nutrition was likely a factor too. I finished the Upper McKenzie stretch of the Geo series, and I just lost motivation- coinciding with the first of the hot days. Then my co-presenter for the Oregon Master Naturalist Willamette Valley Geology workshop had to cancel, so instead of planning half of that day, I'm planning all of it. And I got called for jury duty tomorrow (Update: Yay!). And on and on. I make no promises either way on the continuation of the Geo series, though I have hatched an idea that could allow for a quick catch-up with minimal work. On the "maybe not" side, Dana is also suffering from a series of set-backs (pitch in if you can), I haven't been out in the field since October, and I don't have a whole lot more trips to choose from in terms of photo series.

And yes, I am still tagging stuff for Sunday Funnies. Both the last two Sundays have been beastly, and finishing this up today means I won't have time this Sunday either. But never fear, they'll be back. Sigh... okay, here's a good one:

A Comik

On the flip side, I did do a scouting trip for next Saturday's field trip (too busy taking notes to take photos, though) so here's the result. For those doing this trip on their own, it would likely be easiest to reverse stops 1 and 2, starting in the parking area, then going two to three tenth miles back to the Tyee soil, then subtract 4.9 miles from the mileage at each subsequent stop. (In other words, no need to start at OSU, just start at Chip Ross Park.)

Marys Peak Field Trip Route and Stops

Players in the story, oldest to youngest:

·                     Siletz River Volcanics- sea-floor and Hawiian-island type basalt, about 60 to 50 million years old (Ma = "mega-annum," or million years.)

·                     Kings Valley Siltstone- formed from erosion and marine redeposition from one or more islands of SRV. Toward the end of same span as SRV.

·                     Tyee Formation- Turbidites, vast underwater "sand and dust storms" that settled out in distinctive sand->mustone couplets, from erosion of granite to the east, in or near the Idaho Batholith. About 48 to 38 Ma.

·                     Corvallis Fault- A fracture in the earth's crust creating the boundary between the Willamette Valley floor and Coast Range foothills in the Corvallis area. Probably active around 35 Ma for a few million years, but does not appear to have been active since the following intrusive activity.

·                     Marys Peak sill (along with numerous similar intrusions of about the same age and composition in central Coast Range)- Gabbro, similar in composition to basalt, but slower cooling, so larger mineral grain size. Quite resisitant to weathering and erosion. 30 Ma.

We will be walking along the roadside at several stops. Be alert for traffic, and make safety your first priority.

Mileage Location/Stop Number/Feature

0.0 Depart Richardson Hall. Zero odometer as you turn onto 30th Street northward.

-At intersection with Harrison Blvd., turn right, and jog over a block to 29th.

-At 29th, turn left and continue north to Walnut Blvd.

-At Walnut, turn right, and continue east to Highland Dr.

-At Highland, turn left and wind up the hill to the ridge crest.

-Just before Highland descends into Crescent Valley, turn left on Lester Avenue. There's a small brown sign pointing to Chip Ross Park on the right (Correction: left- this is an unusual case where I really did recall right, rather than making a sloppy mistake) berm.

-We didn't get accurate mileages until noted, so the first two stop mileages are estimates from Google Maps

4.6 Stop 1 Lester Ave. Roadcut. Soil developed from Tyee Formation- note light yellow color. The Corvallis Fault cuts across the lower saddle between here and the Chip Ross parking area. As we move from stop 1 to stop 2, look for nice views to the southwest of Marys Peak and Alsea Pass, where this same fault cuts across the Coast Range crest.

4.9 Stop 2 Chip Ross Park Parking lot. Soil developed from Siletz River Volcanics- Note dark red color. Why are we going up Marys Peak to look at the geology of the "Willamette Valley?"

-Return to Highland, and turn right.

-At Walnut, turn right.

-Follow Walnut roughly 5.5 miles to Philomath Boulevard. The line of hills to the north and west of this drive is more resistant Siletz River Volcanics, uplifted by offset along the Corvallis Fault. The less resistant Tyee (and overlying Spencer) Formation form, at most, low hills to the south and east.

11.8 -(At this intersection, we figured out how to get tenth-mile accuracy on our exploratory vehicle.) At Philomath Boulevard, turn right and procede through Philomath.

15.6 - Route 20/34 split. Turn left, and follow route 34 to Alsea Pass.

24.5- Marys Peak Road- turn right, and drive to the Marys Peak Summit Parking area.

34.0- Stop 3 Marys Peak Summit Parking area. Lunch. Depending on interest, some of the group may choose to hike to the summit. (We budgeted about an hour here.) This, to me, is one of the most profound viewpoints in Oregon. There are quite a number that are more scenic, but I can think of few that have such a mental wallop. We're standing on the Coast Range crest, the divide of the Cascadia forearc ridge. To the east, if we have decent visibility, a few to many of the Cascade Peaks are visible. Normally, Mount Jefferson and Three Sisters can be seen, and Mount Hood can be picked out more often than not. On rare days with near perfect conditions, one can see from Mount Rainier in the north to the vicinity of Crater Lake to the south. To the west, the Pacific Ocean can be seen, taking on different appearances as the light changes through the day. With help from trigonometry, you can calculate that the distance to the horizon is about 75 miles, which is close to where the Juan de Fuca Plate begins its long slide into the earth's interior. It's that slide that has created the forearc ridge of the Coast Range, the more-or-less vertically stationary forearc basin of the Willamette Valley, and water "sweating" off the subduction slab causes melting in the upper mantle, creating the magma that produces volcanism in the Cascades. My favorite metaphor to describe what we're seeing is that here, we have an overview of one piston in the engine that drives earth's plate tectonic activity!

Before departing, be sure to make use of the sanitary facilities at the south end of the parking lot. There will be no further opportunities for actual restrooms until we return to Richardson Hall.

35.1 Stop 4 (Possible, depending on how time looks) This meadow provides a long parade of wildflowers from mid-spring into mid-summer, but in terms of rocks, a short walk up the road to the closest cut will reveal a metamorphic rock called hornfels, created when heat from the underlying Marys Peak Sill baked the overlying Tyee formation. This is similar in nature and effect to what happens when you fire a raw clay pot in a kiln; it becomes harder, stronger, and more dense.

36.7 Stop 5 Parker Creek Falls. This is the dense, tough, and extremely resistant to weathering and erosion Mary's Peak Sill, a rock called gabbro, and a good illustration of how Marys Peak sits about a thousand feet higher than any other Coast Range mountain. Note that most of the weathered, and lichen/algae coated cut face looks like basalt. But if you look carefully, a more recently broken surface will show a typical "salt-and-pepper" appearance. Those light and dark grains are the minerals making up the rock. Individual mineral grains are not visible to the naked eye in "typical" basalt. (There are exceptions beyond the scope of this workshop.)

37.1 Stop 6 We'll pull off a bit up the road from the outcrop, as there isn't safe space at the spot itself, and walk down the road to a nice outcrop of horizontally-bedded Tyee Formation. Note the abundant mica flakes and fragments of plant material- these two features can help distinguish this rock unit from others. A bit farther on, there is a fairly chaotic outcrop of Kings Valley Siltstone, which is derived from erosion of Siletz River Volcanics. As we saw at Chip Ross Park, the color difference between these two units is striking. Given that the Tyee is horizontal, there must be a fault between these two exposures, even though we can't see it. Walking across the road to the guard rail, we see another effect of the hidden fault: a fairly large landslide. The fault created a zone where the rock was broken up, and water and air had better access to the rock, speeding weathering and further weakening it.

39.9 Stop 7 Parking lot. Park here and walk back about a quarter mile or so to a quarry exposing spectacular pillow basalts of the Siletz River Volcanics. Keep in mind, these were erupted on the ocean floor. Here, they've been uplifted to thousands of feet above sea level.

40.5 Stop 8 (Possible, depending on how time looks) Columnar basalt is common in Oregon, which is no surprise, given how much of the state is covered with that rock. These are the best examples I know of on Marys Peak.

40.7 (In passing; we'll try to slow down a bit to get a look, but we won't be stopping.) Slickensides. The vertical scratches, or striations, you see on this wall were created as a fault ground the two opposing surfaces. The orientation of the "slicks" gives you two possible directions for fault offset: up or down, parallel to the scratches. Continue back to Route 34, and turn left (east) back toward Philomath and Corvallis.

45.1 Stop 9 We will not be crossing the road here. Both we and oncoming traffic have very poor visibility. Tilted beds of the Tyee Formation. Unlike the flat-lying beds of Tyee we saw near the top of the peak, these are steeply tilted. Now off the Siletz River Volcanics, we've crossed the Corvallis Fault again, but it's very close by, probably crossing through the clear cut up the valley. Deformation and folding near major faults is common, and explains why these beds are tipped over to such a degree.

58.3 Return to Richardson Hall.

Postscript: The sequence we've seen here, ocean floor volcanics, overlain by marine sediments, and modified by later events, such as magma intrusions and faulting, varies in details from place to place in the Willamette Valley and the Coast Range, but as a general outline, is consistent across the region. In other words, if you were to drill a hole on the Willamette Valley floor, you would go through a few to a few hundred feet of  Missoula Flood and Willamette River sediment, then you'd hit marine sedimentary rock of one formation name or another. (From the Albany-Salem area north to Portland, you'd also encounter Columbia River Basalt interfingered with the uppermost marine sedimentary rock.) Eventually you'd go through the Tyee, which is the lowermost of those sedimentary units, and pretty much ubiquitous in the region. Finally, you'd hit basalts of the Siletz River Volcanics. Those basalts are not continuously exposed on the surface, so they have different names in different areas (Roseburg Volcanics and Crescent Volcanics, for example), but they were all formed the same way in a geologically short period of time, and they are believed to be all the same unit, connected underground where we can't see it. Climbing nearly four thousand feet off the valley floor has allowed us to see rocks that lie thousands of feet below it. Furthermore, as we saw at the first two stops, due the the milder climate of the lower elevations, rock that is exposed in the valley is often too weathered to get much information from.

Geo 1095: January 30, Day 760: No Cerberus

At the entrance to Oregon Caves, one goes in on a metal grate walkway, with the stream "River Styx," flowing the opposite direction underneath. In Greek and Roman mythology, after death, one entered the gate to the underworld, which was guarded by Cerberus, a three-headed dog. Its purpose was two-fold: to keep the dead from escaping and the living from entering. After passing through the gate, the deceased would cross the River Styx with the ferryman Charon, to reach the final destination, which was overseen by Hades/Pluto. We're crossing Styx on a bridge, so I guess Charon is morosely unemployed. But I was grateful that the park rangers had restrained Cerberus somewhere away from us tourists.

Photo run through Paint.net's "autolevel" routine for contrast and saturation. May 9, 2013. FlashEarth Location.

Have A Screaming Good Halloween!

Yes, I will always include All Souls Night in my Halloween posts. Because reasons.

Buttersafe

Funny to Me

Darius Whiteplume

The Far Left Side

Little Harley Things

Darius Whiteplume

Partially Clips

Sober in a Nightclub

Blueberry Touches

A Zillion Dollar Comics

Surviving the World

 "A tailless whip scorpion with pink babies covering her back." @RealScientists

Aaron Davis, Facebook

Medium Large

Shriekback, Nemesis

Tastefully Offensive

Liz Climo

Heavy Grinder, Facebook

Expert Heavy Equipment, Facebook

Tastefully Offensive

Medium Large

Two of six "Unwanted Halloween Candies," From Medium Large

Ranker: "31 Terrifying GIFs That Will Keep You Up All Night" This is #3, and IMO, the best one.

Jim Benton

I Hate My Parents

"Cårven der Pümpkin" Blackadder

#3 from "Skulls and Bones," at In Focus (21 Photos).

Buttersafe

Tastefully Offensive

Matt Roller

"Wednesday and Lurch Dancing to Megadeth"

Sober in a Nightclub

The Classic Halloween Song. It's probably lip-synched, but still, fun! I'd never seen a "live" version before. And below is a very funny updated version featuring more recent movie "monsters."

Modern Monster Mash - Key of Awesome #91

 This couldn't be more appropriately scary for today. Via @marksluckie

Toles, Via @soxfaneast

Maximumble

"This goat has seen The Exorcist too many times." Senor Gif

Shoebox Blog

Sober in a Nightclub

I always feel as if I haven't found enough really creepy bits, so if I come across any more this weekend, I'll update this post.